Data Retrieval | Information Retrieval | Knowledge Retrieval | |
---|---|---|---|
Match | Boolean match | partial match, best match | partial match, best match |
Inference | deductive inference | inductive inference | deductive inference, inductive inference, associative reasoning, analogical reasoning |
Model | deterministic model | statistical and probabilistic model | semantic model, inference model |
Query | artificial language | natural language | knowledge structure, natural language |
Organization | table, index | table, index | knowledge unit, knowledge structure |
Representation | number, rule | natural language, markup language | concept graph, predicate logic, production rule[disambiguation needed], frame, semantic network, ontology |
Storage | database | document collections | knowledge base |
Retrieved Results | data set | sections or documents | a set of knowledge unit |
“ | there is ... a machine called the Univac ... whereby letters and figures are coded as a pattern of magnetic spots on a long steel tape. By this means the text of a document, preceded by its subject code symbol, ca be recorded ... the machine ... automatically selects and types out those references which have been coded in any desired way at a rate of 120 words a minute | ” |
— J. E. Holmstrom, 1948 |
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